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A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts.〔Peter J. Hager,Nancy C. Corbin. ''Designing & Delivering: Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Presentations,'' 1997, . 163.〕 It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as ''causes'', ''requires'', or ''contributes to''.〔Joseph D. Novak & Alberto J. Cañas (2006). ("The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How To Construct and Use Them" ), Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. Accessed 24 Nov 2008.〕 The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called ''concept mapping''. Concept maps define the ontology of computer systems, for example with the object-role modeling or Unified Modeling Language formalism. == Overview == A concept map is a way of representing relationships between ideas, images, or words in the same way that a sentence diagram represents the grammar of a sentence, a road map represents the locations of highways and towns, and a circuit diagram represents the workings of an electrical appliance. In a concept map, each word or phrase connects to another, and links back to the original idea, word, or phrase. Concept maps are a way to develop logical thinking and study skills by revealing connections and helping students see how individual ideas form a larger whole. An example of the use of concept maps is provided in the context of learning about types of fuel.〔(CONCEPT MAPPING FUELS ). Accessed 24 Nov 2008.〕 Concept maps were developed to enhance meaningful learning in the sciences. A well-made concept map grows within a ''context frame'' defined by an explicit "focus question", while a mind map often has only branches radiating out from a central picture. Some research evidence suggests that the brain stores knowledge as productions (situation-response conditionals) that act on declarative memory content, which is also referred to as chunks or propositions.〔Anderson, J. R., & Lebiere, C. (1998). The atomic components of thought. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.〕〔Anderson, J. R., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., & Qin, Y. (2004). An Integrated Theory of the Mind. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1036–1050.〕 Because concept maps are constructed to reflect organization of the declarative memory system, they facilitate sense-making and meaningful learning on the part of individuals who make concept maps and those who use them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「concept map」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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